Description
An aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloid that has been found in Aconitum species; increases protein levels of the efflux transporters P-glycoprotein, MRP2, and BCRP in LS174T cells in a concentration-dependent manner; increases the protein levels of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells and the PXR in both Caco-2 and LS174T cells at 50 µM; reduces the cytotoxic effects of the P-glycoprotein substrates vincristine and doxorubicin in Caco-2 cells at 50 µM; increases protein levels of Nrf2, MRP2, and BCRP in the jejunum, ileum, and colon in mice at 0.6 mg/kg; increases survival of mice injected with a lethal dose of the neurotoxin aconitine (ED50 = 15 mg/kg, i.p.)